Needless to say, Togliatti's personal views as head of his country's Communist Party are very prominent throughout the work; hence the last chapters are mainly aimed at setting out "how to fight fascism". Yet the first chapters are more interesting. Some noteworthy ideas put forward there are a tentative classification of pre-fascist Italian Prime Ministers (Nitti and Giolitti) as well as of rival interpretations (Bordiga, Trotsky, the social democrats), and then the thesis according to which the National Fascist Party is constantly threatened by a latent conflict between the interests of the lower middle classes (represented by Farinacci and his "first-hour" fascists) and those of the upper class (Federzoni's Nationalists).